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The Tunnel

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Television Review: The Tunnel (Season 1, 2013)@drax309d
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  1. Film Review: The Tunnel (Der Tunnel, 1915)@drax967d

    (source: tmdb.org)

    In the first decades of cinema the mere novelty of film as a technology made genre of science fiction appealing to film makers. Some of the most expensive and ambitious film projects of those times were based on science fiction novels. One of those is The Tunnel, 1915 German silent epic directed by William Wauer, often cited as the first science fiction feature film in history.

    The film is based on eponymous bestselling 1913 novel by Bernhard Kellerman. The protagonist is Max Allan (played by Fritz Kayssler), brilliant engineer who has devised the plan for the most ambitious and most expensive construction project in history – an undersea tunnel that is to provide train connection between Europe and North America. The plot begins in New York City where he manages to woo Lloyd (played by Hermann Valentin), rich financier who would provide billions of dollars for the project. Allan begins work, recruits hundreds of thousands workers and tunnel is being dug from three locations – North America, midway point at Azores and France. However, horrendous conditions suffered by workers lead to incidents that would claim many lives and cause riots claiming lives of Maud’s wife and daughter. Subsequent strikes, company stock collapse and another riot would almost put the stop to the project. But after Lloyd’s daughter Ethel (played by Fritzi Massary) seduces and marry Mac, he would find new strength to continue project and after long twenty six years triumphantly drive first train from North America to Europe.

    Despite its historical importance, The Tunnel is the film that could be recommended only to the hardcore cinephiles. Even those accustomed to technical limitations of early cinema would probably see this film below standards of early classics like those made by the likes of Griffith. Some of the reasons might be in relative inexperience of William Wauer, renowned sculptor whose film directing career was relatively short. On the other hand, film, advertised as the most expensive film made in Germany by that time, had misfortune of being produced just as First World War started. Rudolf Meinert, Austrian director originally chosen for the project, got mobilised so Wauer had to step in few months later and the entire film was reshot from scratch. Wauer, despite his relative inexperience, does solid job in couple of some scenes, especially those depicting violence and riots, while the rest is drowned in melodrama and overacting typical for silent era. The most disappointing aspect of the film is almost complete lack of sense of wonder. Just like Franco-German 1933 sound remake nearly two decades later, The Tunnel depicts what is supposed to be magnificent construction of trans-Atlantic tunnel by footage of ordinary tunnels. Only at the very end, when Allan’s triumph is broadcasted to the world through new medium of television (a technology that would properly invented almost decade after the film) this film earns its science fiction credentials. Intertitles at the end, which praise future Tunnel as start of eternal peace - something that looked quite elusive while Great War raged on – show that authors of The Tunnel had the heart at the right place. Their message would have been perhaps a little more effective if they had more talent and imagination, at least some of being shown by makers of eponymous British sound film twenty years later.

    RATING: 4/10 (+)

    _

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  2. Film Review: The Tunnel (Transatlantic Tunnel, 1935)@drax1088d

    (source: tmdb.org

    Two films can be separated by only a few years, but, when compared, look as if they are separated by decades. One of the earliest examples can be provided by the 1933 Franco-German science fiction film The Tunnel, which was in 1935 remade as an eponymous British film directed by Maurice Elvey, also known under the title Transatlantic Tunnel. The film is based on the popular 1913 novel by German author Bernhard Kellermann, which was first adapted as a 1915 silent film in Germany and in 1933 in two language versions (starring Paul Hartmann and Jean Gabin, respectively).

    The British version has a plot that starts in New York City in a relatively near and somewhat unspecified future in the mid-20th century. Richard “Mack” MacAllan (played by Richard Dix) is a brilliant engineer who became famous in 1940 by successfully building the Channel Tunnel and later did the same by connecting Miami with the Bahamas. He now has to convince a group of wealthy and powerful business tycoons to invest billions of dollars into an even more ambitious project – an undersea tunnel that would connect Britain with the United States and, by bringing two mighty English-speaking nations together, guarantee a new era of world peace. The project is approved and Mac goes to work, but it takes a terrible toll on his family life. Years pass and he is hardly at home and, when public interest dries up, funding has to be secured with Mac reluctantly taking part in a PR campaign with Varlia Lloyd (played by Helen Vinson), the glamorous daughter of his main financier, Lloyd (played by C. Aubrey Smith). This makes his wife Ruth (played by Madge Evans) jealous and, in order to become closer to her husband, she secretly takes a job as a nurse in the tunnels. She is exposed to tunnel gases, becomes sick and goes blind. Mac later has to deal with corporate intrigues involving his friend Mostyn (played by Basil Sydney), the tunnel project colliding with an unknown undersea volcano that might cause horrible delays due to rerouting and, finally, a disaster forcing him to make difficult decisions involving his now adult son Geoffrey (played by Jimmy Hanley) who works in the tunnel.

    Unlike the 1933 film, which still had to deal with the growing pains of sound technology, the British version looks and sounds like a more polished product. It is directed adequately by Maurice Elvey, an extremely prolific British director who worked both during the silent and sound eras and whose experience shows in the film. What ultimately makes the 1935 film better than the Franco-German version is much more creativity and a bigger effort to convincingly portray what was supposed to be the near future. Kellermann’s novel was very popular in the 1920s and 1930s because it gave something of an alternative reality in which the horrors of the Great War never happened. This film could do the same by providing glimpses of a world spared from the Second World War. The most noticeable (and, to a degree, correct) prediction about the future is the widespread use of television and video, technologies that were still in their very early stages in the mid-1930s. Production design tries to balance Art Deco with futurism, while the Tatra 77, a Czechoslovakian motor car known for its streamlined design and advertised as the “car of the future”, features prominently in the film. Special effects in the film are quite satisfactory for 1930s standards and do their part in an exciting finale.

    Those efforts, however, can’t compensate for a major problem in the script. The Tunnel is basically a story about someone spending years making a tunnel under the ocean and it doesn’t have much of a plot. The script tries to compensate for that with rather predictable melodrama and love triangles – neglected Ruth is comforted by Mac’s best friend Frederick “Robbie” Robbins (played by Leslie Banks), while Varlia, who loves Mac, is coveted by the treacherous Mostyn. There is a subplot involving the dumping and buying of Tunnel shares that actually goes nowhere. An interesting detail, brought probably more for publicity's sake, is the appearance of two actors playing the British Prime Minister and President of the USA, both having played similar characters in the recent past - George Arliss, who won an Oscar for the title role in Disraeli and Walter Huston who played the title role in Abraham Lincoln (and Gabriel Over the White House).

    The film praises Anglo-American friendship and an alliance that would later be known as the “special relationship”, and even mentions their rivals in some sort of “Eastern Federation”, making the future in that particular detail disturbingly similar to our times. But those details aren’t enough to make this film more than a curiosity that could be appreciated only by the most hardcore among science fiction cinema fans.

    RATING: 5/10 (++)

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  3. Film Review: The Tunnel (Le Tunnel, 1933)@drax1106d

    (source: tmdb.org

    Arrival of sound technology brought serious problems for film makers, at least those targeting foreign markets. Inability of audiences to understand dialogue in foreign languages meant that the commercial prospects of such films would be severely limited. With still relatively poor quality of sound, dubbing was impractical and subtitles even more so, making it more sensible to instantly remake a film, or, more precisely, to produce different versions of a film for different language markets. Some of the classics of the early sound era were subjected to such treatment, most notably Dracula, which, apart from the English-language version, received instant remakes in French and Spanish. In 1933, Germany The Tunnel (“Der Tunnel”), a science fiction film directed by Curtis Bernhardt, was instantly remade into an eponymous French-language version (“Le Tunnel”), also directed by Bernhardt.

    The film is based on the 1913 best-selling novel by German writer Bernhard Kellerman, which had been first adapted in 1915 as silent feature film. The plot of the 1933 French version begins in New York City where the protagonist, famed engineer Mac Allan (played by Jean Gabin), arrives at the terrace of a luxury hotel to present his construction project to a group of wealthy investors. It is the tunnel that is to be dug under the Atlantic Ocean and provide railway communication between North America and Europe. Investors agree to finance the project with billion-dollar funds and the work is supposed to bring millions of jobs and last for fifteen years. Mac Allan is completely dedicated to his work and neglects his wife Mary (played by Madeleine Renaud), but the project in its first years has unexpectedly fast progress. Things change when accidents, like flooding and explosions, begin to happen and claim hundreds of lives. The investors become jittery and Mac Allan soon begins to suspect deliberate sabotage. His suspicions prove to be correct when Woolf (played by Gustaf Gründgens), one of the heads of the Tunnel Syndicate, turns out to be speculating with shipping companies’ stock, which would rise with the collapse of Mac Allan’s projects. Mac Allan now has to deal not only with technical issues, but also with a labour force that is increasingly displeased with gruelling work conditions and risks it has to take on a daily basis.

    Production of The Tunnel was likely inspired by the success of F.P.1 Doesn’t Answer, another German science fiction film that dealt with futuristic alternatives to trans-Atlantic travel (which was, like The Tunnel, also made in three different language versions). While the film was made, Nazis took power in Germany and Bernhardt, as a Jew, left the country; he was nevertheless given special permission to briefly return and finish the production. The German and French versions are nearly identical, with similar script, sets, costumes, and props, with the only difference being the language and the cast. Gustaf Gründgens, an actor whose best-known role was gang boss in Fritz Lang’s M (and who would later be immortalised as inspiration for the character of conformist Nazi-era actor in Mephisto), plays the character of villainous Woolf in both films. The French version is slightly better known, because it lacked the baggage of being associated with the Nazi regime and the main star Jean Gabin, who, unlike Paul Hartmann in the German version, succeeded in becoming an icon of French and European cinema.

    The Tunnel has an idea which might look preposterous, but it is nevertheless intriguing and, with sufficiently imaginative director or scriptwriter, could have resulted in interesting speculation about the development of technology in the near future. Unfortunately, this version doesn’t deal much with any technical issues and instead tries to bring audience attention through rather weak thriller plot, which is mixed with even more disappointing melodrama related to Mac Allan’s family life. Even the scenes that take place underground, in the tunnel itself, are disappointing. Bernhardt makes those scenes look too dark and confusing and also shows a lack of imagination – the tunnel, which is supposed to be a technical marvel of the 20th Century, is built not with machines but with thousands of manual labourers. Bernhardt, apparently unable to use any kind of serious special effects, often had to rely on stock footage of real-life tunnel construction projects, which is even mentioned in the opening credits. Jean Gabin in the main role tries his best, but he is poorly served by an uninspired script, and Madeline Renaud, who plays his long-suffering wife, fares even worse. As a co-production between Nazi Germany and democratic France, The Tunnel is inoculated against any political context, although those seeking might find some sympathies for the working class and labour movement in a few scenes. Only a relatively short running time prevents The Tunnel from becoming a complete waste of time. Only two years later, Kellerman’s novel was adapted again in Britain, in a version sometimes titled Transatlantic Tunnel and which is also considered a slightly more successful and more imaginative attempt to deal with the subject.

    RATING: 3/10 (+)

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